The working principle of grinding wheel is mainly based on grinding, which involves the cutting, scoring and sliding of abrasive grains on the workpiece. The following is a detailed analysis of the working principle of grinding wheel:
1. Basic principle of grinding
The grinding wheel can be regarded as a cutting tool composed of countless tiny abrasive grains. During the grinding process, the abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding wheel contact the surface of the workpiece, and remove materials through three actions: cutting, scoring and sliding:
Cutting action: The sharp edge of the abrasive grains directly cuts the surface of the workpiece to form grinding chips.
Scratching action: The abrasive grains scratch grooves on the surface of the workpiece, causing material peeling.
Sliding action: The abrasive grains rub against the surface of the workpiece, generating heat and tiny plastic deformation.
2. Three stages of grinding process
The grinding process is usually divided into three stages:
Preliminary grinding stage: Due to the elastic deformation of the machine tool, workpiece and fixture system, the actual grinding depth is less than the radial feed amount.
Stable stage: The elastic deformation of the system reaches equilibrium, and the actual grinding depth is basically consistent with the radial feed amount.
Clearing stage: After stopping the radial feed, the elastic deformation of the system gradually recovers, and the actual grinding depth is greater than zero, which is used to improve accuracy and reduce surface roughness.
3. Characteristics and functions of grinding wheels
The performance of grinding wheels is determined by factors such as abrasives, grain size, binder, hardness, structure, shape and size. These characteristics directly affect the grinding effect:
Self-sharpening effect: During the grinding process of the grinding wheel, the abrasive grains will gradually wear or fall off, exposing new sharp abrasive grains to maintain cutting ability.
High precision and low roughness: The grinding wheel can achieve high-precision processing while reducing the surface roughness of the workpiece.
4. Grinding motion and parameters
Grinding motion includes main motion, radial feed and axial feed:
Main motion: The rotational motion of the grinding wheel, whose linear speed determines the grinding efficiency.
Radial feed: The radial movement distance of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel affects the grinding depth.
Axial feed: The axial movement distance of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel determines the grinding width.
5. Grinding wheel wear and maintenance
Grinding wheels will wear due to physical, chemical and mechanical effects during the grinding process, mainly manifested as abrasive wear, crushing wear and clogging adhesion. Regular maintenance and replacement of grinding wheels are the key to ensuring grinding quality and safety.
